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Matrak

Matrak is a Turkic game invented by Matrakçi Nasuh in 16th century. It
is played by wooden sticks which are covered with leather and look like
bowling ten-pins. The tops of the sticks are rounded and slightly wider
than the body. The game is a kind of battle animation and it is a lawn
game. It was used by ottoman soldiers as exercise for melee combat.

Kilic kalkan

Kilic Kalkan means the Sword and Shield clashing with there swords and
protected with there shields you all can punch kick and push your opponent
the one which submitted or the one who drops there sword loses

Mounted archery

A horse archer, horsed archer, or mounted archer is a cavalryman
armed with a bow, able to shoot while riding from horseback.
Archery has occasionally been used from the backs of other riding
animals. Mounted archery was a defining characteristic of Steppe
warfare throughout Central Asia, and throughout the prairies of
America after the adoption of the horse, used by peoples including
the Scythians, Sarmatians, Parthians, Sassanids, Huns, Byzantines,
Bulgars, Cumans, Kipchaks, Magyars, Japanese, Mongols, Turks,
Russians, Rajputs, Comanches, and others. It was also adopted by
other peoples and armies, notably Chinese and Romans who both
suffered serious conflict with peoples practising horse archery.
It developed separately among the peoples of the South American
pampas and the North American prairies; the Comanches were
especially skilled. Horse archery was also particularly honoured in
the samurai tradition of Japan, where mounted archery is called
Yabusame. In some places, such as in Germany, Scandinavia and
Portugal, the crossbow was favoured over composite bow. Horse
archery was never widely used south of the Sahara in Africa,
where the ecosystem was less suitable for domestic horses. This was
presumably due to factors such as the tsetse fly and lack of suitable
fodder. Though some African kingdoms south of the Sahara used
horses, they were less useful and had a high mortality rate in
these regions.

Cirit or Jereed

is a traditional Turkic equestrian team sport played outdoors
on horseback in which the objective is to score points by throwing
a blunt wooden javelin at opposing team's horsemen. Played by
Turkic people in Central Asia as the essential sporting and
ceremonial game, it was brought to Anatolia during the westward
migration in the beginning of the 11th century. In the Ottoman
Empire, the game became very popular and widespread throughout
the Ottoman territories.Jereed is a means of improving equestrian
skills, and involves two teams of horsemen, each armed with dried
oak or poplar sticks. The sticks with rubber-tipped, blunt ends are
70-100 cm in length and 2-3 cm in diameter. Originally, the sticks
were heavier and thicker, however in order to reduce the risk of
injury, players came to prefer sticks made of poplar wood, which
become lighter when dried. The teams are formed by six, eight or
twelve players, standing on opposite sides of a field marked within
a square of 70 to 130 meters. There are three "end zones" of about
six meters deep at each end of the field, being a team’s waiting area,
thus meaning a neutral zone and the opposing team’s throwing
area. Each team has its own flag. The horses should not be
younger than four years of age. A medium height horse is preferred
because tall horses are not quick to maneuver, therefore most
suitable ones are Arabian and Turkoman horses.The Jereed game
begins with introduction of the players to the spectators with words
of praise, followed by handshakes at center field and a parade of each
team with its flag. Meanwhile drums and zurnas (reed pipes) play
Ottoman military marches and Köroglu folk music.Riders test the
field and their horses, than go back to their section. Jereed players in
traditional regional costumes, a remembrance of the Sipahis
(Ottoman cavalrymen), mount their local breed horses, specially
trained for this sport. The teams line up facing one another on the
field, each player at a distance of about 10 meters from the next.
With their right hand, they hold the first jereed that they will throw
while holding other jereed in their left hand. At the beginning of the
game, it is traditional for the youngest rider to trot towards the
opposing team, shout the name of a player and at a distance of 30 to
40 meters toss his jereed at that player challenging him to enter the
game. Then, he gallops back to his side, meanwhile the challenged
player pursues him and throws a jereed at the fleeing player. Another
player from the first team comes out and meets the retreating rider.
The player from the second team starts riding quickly to his corner
and takes his former place. This time, his rival chases him and throws
a jereed at him. The fast-charging chase game goes on in two
45-minute periods.This process of chasing and fleeing, while trying to
hit an opponent with a stick, is the essence of the game,
which requires skill and sportsmanship. To hit the horse instead of
the rider, which is regarded as a sign of inexperience, is against the
rules, and causes the offender is sent off the field. The referees, who
are former jereed players with standing in the community, count
the number of hits and at the end of the game announce the winning
team. Experienced jereed players rarely miss hitting an opponent,
and are skilled at avoiding hits themselves by performing acrobatics
on horseback. Part of the skill lies in training the horses so that they
play a significant role in the outcome of the game. The formation of
the two teams has its traditional etiquette. Care is taken not to put
players, who are on bad terms in opposing teams, and players, who
display deliberately hostile behavior during a match are blacklisted.
A player wins points when he manages to hit his rival with the stick,
or ride him out, or catch an incoming jereed in mid-air. He will get
negative points for actions that might endanger the horse, such as
riding out of bounds or striking a horse intentionally, or falling off
his horse, or throwing the stick from inside the neutral zone, or
throwing from closer than five meters during pursuit. Referees
posted at the center line and at each end of the field award both
positive and negative points with their flags.The players make several
different defensive maneuvers in order to avoid being hit by leaning
towards either side of the horse, under the horse’s stomach or even its
neck. Some players score more points by hitting his opponent three or
four times before that player manages to escape and take his place back
in his row. Jereed boys run across the field to retrieve errant throws and
deliver them to the end zones of both sides. Even though today jereed
tips are rounded rubber and light, sometimes players might be injured if
they are hit on the head, eyes or ears. With today's sticks it is very
rare but these injuries might even result in death. If a player dies in the
field, he is considered to have lost his life in battle as a martyr
and his relatives do not sue against other player, except that a public
case is opened by the court and a legal trial is done anyway. Therefore,
if there are any known hostilities amongst players they can be left
out of the tournament or put in the same team by the elder people of the
locality, or by the referees, before the game starts. At the end of the game,
the winner is announced by a council of former jereed players depending
on points collected by two teams. Organizers give awards to the winning
team and a banquet is held.